Association between body mass index, diet and dental caries in Grade 6 boys in Medina, Saudi Arabia

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Saudi Arabia and although caries is associated with obesity, this association has not been investigated in Medina. This study aimed to determine the association between dental caries, body mass index [BMI] and dietary habits of 12-year-old boys from four geographically distinct schools in Medina. Mean BMI was 22.17 kg/m[2] [ +/- 5.15]; 41% had normal BMI, 25% were overweight and 30% were obese. The mean Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth [DMFT] score was 1.46 [ +/- 2.04]. Those in the normal BMI range had a significantly higher prevalence of caries [57%] and DMFT score [1.92] compared with the overweight and obese groups [P < 0.05]. These differences remained significant after controlling for possible confounders via linear regression. Mean BMI was significantly lower in boys with severe compared with mild or no caries. Normal and underweight participants had an almost 2 times greater risk of developing caries compared with their overweight and obese counterparts. The children had poor dietary habits and there were no significant associations between dietary variables and caries

Oral health status of 12-year-old male schoolchildren in Medina, Saudi Arabia

Studies from Saudi Arabia have reported that the prevalence of dental caries among children is relatively high compared with other developing countries The aim was to determine the oral hygiene status and significant caries [SiC] index of 12-year-old males in Medina . In a cross-sectional, analytical study 360 students participated from 4 boys' schools. Dental caries, plaque, gingivitis, fluorosis and malocclusion were recorded using standard methods and indices. The mean DMFT score was 1.53 [SD 1.88]. Caries prevalence was low [57.2%] but the mean SiC index was relatively high [3.63 [SD 1.66]]. The prevalences of plaque and gingivitis were high [82.8% and 70.8% respectively]. Lower molars had the highest rate of caries. No children presented with dental fluorosis and 82.5% had a class I jaw relationship. Oral hygiene awareness programmes at schools, together with brushing and flossing programmes, are recommended in order to maintain and improve the oral health of young children in Medina

Angiomyfibroblastoma of the vulva: report of a rare distinct entity

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor of lower female genital tract. It has characteristic histomorphology and shows myofibroblastic differentiation. Clinically it is imperative to differentiate angiomyofibroblastoma from other mesenchymal tumors of this region especially aggressive angiomyxoma which is locally infiltrative and needs long term follow-up. We report clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features of a case of angiomyofibroblastoma and discuss relevant points regarding histogenesis and biological behaviour. We stress the need to recognize this tumor on clinicopathologic basis to avoid any potential therapeutic implications

Cephalometric correlation between facial dimensions and sagital and vertical position of anterior teeth

Description of relationship between dental and skeletal parameters can help diagnosis and treatment of malocclusions. This study evaluated the relationship between facial height and vertical and sagital position of anterior teeth. The lateral cephalogerams of 89 patients between ages of 14 to 18 years old were studied. The study casts were analyzed then samples were divided into 2 groups of with or without crowding. Cephalograms were traced and Pearson correlation was determined between parameters that explain facial dimensions and parameters that showed sagital and vertical position of anterior teeth. High correlation was found between ANB and Ul to SN, Ul to FH, and Ui to NA [mm]. SNB had also correlation with Ui to FH and Ul to SN. Additionally, Jaraback index showed a great correlation with L to MP, IMP A and SNB. FMA was similarly correlated with IMP A and FMIA. Significant correlation was detected between basal angle and IMP A [P< 0.001]. The remaining subjects did not have crowding and demonstrated high correlation between ANB and LI to NB. SN-GoGn displayed a great correlation with SNB and FMIA. Ui to FH was highly correlated with FMA, SN-GoGn and L! to MP. High correlation was observed between LI to NB [mm] and LI to MP [P<0.001]. There was correlation between position of anterior teeth and facial dimensions that confirms the existence of balance between dentofacial parts. Therefore, establishment of equilibrium is essential for stability of treatment results

Benefits and harms associated with hormone replacement therapy: clinical decision analysis

To evaluate harms and benefits associated with use of combined hormone replacement therapy [HRT] for five years in women with different baseline risks for breast cancer. Probabilistic clinical decision analysis. Population of women aged 50 years with different baseline risks for breast cancer. Gain or loss in quality adjusted life years [QALYs]. Women free of menopausal symptoms showed a net harm from HRT use, which increased for increasing baseline risk of breast cancer. Those with a baseline risk of 1.2% would expect a loss in QALYs of 0.4 months [-0.03 QALYs, 95% credibility interval -0.05 to -0.01]. The main analysis showed HRT to be on average beneficial in women with symptoms, with benefit decreasing with increasing baseline risk of breast cancer. The results were sensitive to the assumed value of quality of life with menopausal symptoms; therefore a contour plot was developed to show the probability of net harm for a range of different values and baseline risks. HRT for primary prevention of chronic diseases in women without menopausal symptoms is unjustified. Perceived quality of life in women with symptoms should be taken into account when deciding on HRT. Thus, a decision analysis tailored to an individual woman is more appropriate in clinical practice than a population based approach

Prevalence and distribution of soil-transmitted helminthiases among Orang Asli children living in peripheral Selangor, Malaysia.

Soil-transmitted helminthiases are a public health problem in rural communities. A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and distribution of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm was conducted in 281 Orang Asli children (aborigines) aged between 2 and 15 years, from 8 Orang Asli villages in Selangor, Malaysia. All the children were infected with soil-transmitted helminthes, with 26.3% of the children infected either with A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura or hookworm and 72.6% having mixed infection. The overall prevalences of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm were 61.9, 98.2 and 37.0%, respectively. Approximately 19.0, 26.0 and 3.0% of the children had severe infection of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection, respectively. The prevalences and mean egg per gram (epg) counts for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura were not significantly dependent on age, therefore age-dependent convexity was not seen in this study. However, the results of this study reveal an age-dependent prevalence and mean epg count in children with hookworm infection. We conclude that ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection are still prevalent and therefore a public health concern in Orang Asli communities. Severe ascariasis and trichuriasis may lead to other health and medical problems.

prospective analysis of 100 laparoscopic cholecystectomies at Lahore general hospital

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is rapidly replacing the open cholecystectomy. Within 12 months period, a total of 100 patients had laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our unit. The operation was successfully completed in 92 patients and converted to open operation in 8%. There was no death. The morbidity rate was low [total 11.0%, bleeding 4.0%, minor bile duct injury 1.0%, bile leakage 3.0%, wound infection 3.0%]. Mean operating time significantly improved from 1st 33 patients to last 33 patients, indicating a rapid learning curve. Direct insertion of trocar instead of using veress needle was employed in most cases thus considerably reducing the operating time without adding any morbidity. The mean hospital stay was 2 days. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and effective procedure that can be performed with a minimal risk by surgeons familiar with biliary anatomy. Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be minimized by early elective conversion to open operation if difficulty arises

Clinicomorpholoical study of colorectal carcinoma at Lahore general hospital

Forty cases of colorectal carcinomas were studied at General Hospital / PGMI, Lahore over a period of about one year. Maximum number of cases were in 50-59 years age group, showing male preponderance. The commonest presenting complaint of these patients was pain. Mean duration of presenting complaints was 6.65 months.Mean length of resected specimens was 30.17 cm. Twenty one tumours were along the left side of large bowel. Mean tumour size was 8.6 cm. On gross examination annular type lesions were the most common. On Periodic acid Schiff staining 30 [75%] carcinomas were found to be adenocarcinomas and 10 [25%] mucinous adenocarcinomas

Management of the fourth degree haemorrhoids by lateral internal sphincterotomy - A safe alternative to emergency haemorrhoidectomy

Fourty patients with fourth degree haemorrhoids were treated by lateral internal sphincterotomy from April 1991 to April 1996. There was immediate relief of pain in all patients. The mean hospital stay was 4 days. The median out patient follow up was up to 12 months. Thirty five patients needed no further treatment. Four patients needed formal haemorrhoidectomy. In one patient the treatment was completed by elastic band ligation. The lateral internal Sphincterotomy is a safe and simple alternative for fourth degree haemorrhoids